Experimental Investigation of Concrete Enhanced with Biochar

Abstract

The construction industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, primarily due to cement production. To address this challenge, this study explores the incorporation of biochar, a carbon-rich byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, into concrete as a sustainable alternative. The biochar used in this research was derived from coconut shells and processed to pass through a 150-micron IS sieve to ensure uniformity in the concrete mix. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical and durability properties of biochar-enhanced concrete while assessing its environmental impact. The methodology involved preparing concrete mixes with varying biochar replacement ratios (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and conducting a series of tests after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Compressive strength tests were performed to analyze the structural integrity, while durability assessments, including carbonation resistance, sulfate attack resistance, and water absorption tests, were conducted to evaluate the long-term performance of biochar concrete. Additionally, a carbon footprint analysis was performed to quantify the environmental benefits of biochar incorporation. The results indicate that biochar-modified concrete exhibits improved mechanical and durability characteristics at optimal replacement levels. The porous nature of biochar enhances hydration, contributing to strength development and improved moisture retention. The carbonation and sulfate resistance tests demonstrated that biochar-concrete is more resilient against environmental stressors compared to conventional concrete. Furthermore, the carbon footprint analysis revealed that replacing cement with biochar significantly reduces CO2 emissions, promoting sustainable construction practices. This research highlights the potential of biochar as an eco-friendly material that not only enhances concrete properties but also contributes to waste management and carbon sequestration. By integrating biochar into concrete, this study provides a viable solution for reducing the environmental footprint of the construction industry while maintaining structural performance.